Thread support library

Threads

Threads enable the program to execute across several processor cores.

Defined in header <thread>
thread (C++11)	manages a separate thread (class)
Functions managing the current thread
Defined in namespace this_thread
yield (C++11)	suggests that the implementation reschedule execution of threads (function)
get_id (C++11)	returns the thread id of the current thread (function)
sleep_for (C++11)	stops the execution of the current thread for a specified time duration (function)
sleep_until (C++11)	stops the execution of the current thread until a specified time point (function)

Mutual exclusion

Mutual exclusion algorithms restrict access to a shared resource so that only one thread can access it at a time. This allows to avoid data races and to implement synchronization between threads.

Defined in header <mutex>
mutex (C++11)	provides basic mutual exclusion facility (class)
timed_mutex (C++11)	provides mutual exclusion facility which implements locking with a timeout (class)
recursive_mutex (C++11)	provides mutual exclusion facility which can be locked recursively by the same thread (class)
recursive_timed_mutex (C++11)	provides mutual exclusion facility which can be locked recursively by the same thread and implements locking with a timeout (class)
Generic mutex management
lock_guard (C++11)	implements a strictly scope-based mutex ownership wrapper (class template)
unique_lock (C++11)	implements movable mutex ownership wrapper (class template)
defer_lock_t try_to_lock_t adopt_lock_t (C++11) (C++11) (C++11)	tag type used to specify locking strategy (class)
defer_lock try_to_lock adopt_lock (C++11) (C++11) (C++11)	tag constants used to specify locking strategy (constant)
Generic locking algorithms
try_lock (C++11)	attempts to obtain ownership of mutexes via repeated calls to try_lock (function template)
lock (C++11)	locks specified mutexes, blocks if any are unavailable (function template)
Call once
once_flag (C++11)	helper object to ensure that call_once invokes the function only once (class)
call_once (C++11)	invokes a function only once even if called from multiple threads (function template)

Condition variables

A condition variable is a synchronization primitive which implements a list of threads that are waiting until another thread notifies one or all of the waiting threads that they may proceed, until a timeout expires, or until a spurious wakeup occurs. A condition variable is always associated with a mutex.

condition_variable (C++11)	provides a condition variable assocaited with std::unique_lock (class)
condition_variable_any (C++11)	provides a condition varibale associated with any lock type (class)
notify_all_at_thread_exit (C++11)	schedules a call to notify_all to be invoked when this thread exits (function)
cv_status (C++11)	lists the possible results of timed waits on condition variables (enum)

Futures

Defined in header <future>
promise (C++11)	stores a value for asynchronous retrieval (class template)
packaged_task (C++11)	packages a function to store its return value for asynchronous retrieval (class template)
future (C++11)	waits for a value that is set asynchronously (class template)
shared_future (C++11)	waits for a value (possibly referenced by other futures) that is set asynchronously (class template)
async (C++11)	runs a function asynchronously (potentially in a new thread) and returns a std::future that will hold the result (function template)
launch (C++11)	specifies the launch policy for std::async (enum)