Namespaces
Variants
Views
Actions

std::condition_variable_any::wait

From cppreference.com
 
 
Concurrency support library
Threads
(C++11)
(C++20)
(C++20)
this_thread namespace
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
Mutual exclusion
(C++11)
(C++11)  
Generic lock management
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
Condition variables
(C++11)
Semaphores
Latches and Barriers
(C++20)
(C++20)
Futures
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
Safe Reclamation
(C++26)
(C++26)
Hazard Pointers

Atomic types
(C++11)
(C++20)
Initialization of atomic types
(C++11)(deprecated in C++20)
(C++11)(deprecated in C++20)
Memory ordering
Free functions for atomic operations
Free functions for atomic flags
 
 
template< class Lock >
void wait( Lock& lock );
(1) (since C++11)
template< class Lock, class Predicate >
void wait( Lock& lock, Predicate pred );
(2) (since C++11)
template< class Lock, class Predicate >
bool wait( Lock& lock, std::stop_token stoken, Predicate pred );
(3) (since C++20)

wait causes the current thread to block until the condition variable is notified or a spurious wakeup occurs. pred can be optionally provided to detect spurious wakeup.

1) Atomically calls lock.unlock() and blocks on *this.
The thread will be unblocked when notify_all() or notify_one() is executed. It may also be unblocked spuriously.
When unblocked, calls lock.lock() (possibly blocking on the lock), then returns.
2,3) Waiting for a specific condition to become true, can be used to ignore spurious awakenings.
2) Equivalent to while (!pred())
    wait(lock);
.
3) Registers *this for the duration of this call, to be notified if a stop request is made on stoken's associated stop-state; it is then equivalent to while (!stoken.stop_requested())
{
    if (pred())
        return true;
    wait(lock);
}
return pred();
If pred() is ill-formed, or the return value of pred() is not convertible to bool(until C++20)decltype(pred()) does not model boolean-testable(since C++20), the program is ill-formed.

Right after wait returns, lock is locked by the calling thread. If this postcondition cannot be satisfied[1], calls std::terminate.

  1. This can happen if the re-locking of the mutex throws an exception.

Contents

[edit] Parameters

lock - an lock which must be locked by the calling thread
stoken - a stop token to register interruption for
pred - the predicate to check whether the waiting can be completed
Type requirements
-
Lock must meet the requirements of BasicLockable.
-
Predicate must meet the requirements of FunctionObject.

[edit] Return value

1,2) (none)
3) The latest result of pred() before returning to the caller.

[edit] Exceptions

1) Does not throw.
2,3) Any exception thrown by pred.

[edit] Notes

The returned value of overload (3) indicates whether pred evaluated to true, regardless of whether there was a stop requested or not.

The effects of notify_one()/notify_all() and each of the three atomic parts of wait()/wait_for()/wait_until() (unlock+wait, wakeup, and lock) take place in a single total order that can be viewed as modification order of an atomic variable: the order is specific to this individual condition variable. This makes it impossible for notify_one() to, for example, be delayed and unblock a thread that started waiting just after the call to notify_one() was made.

[edit] Example

#include <chrono>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
 
std::condition_variable_any cv;
std::mutex cv_m; // This mutex is used for three purposes:
                 // 1) to synchronize accesses to i
                 // 2) to synchronize accesses to std::cerr
                 // 3) for the condition variable cv
int i = 0;
 
void waits()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
    std::cerr << "Waiting... \n";
    cv.wait(lk, []{ return i == 1; });
    std::cerr << "...finished waiting. i == 1\n";
}
 
void signals()
{
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        std::cerr << "Notifying...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
 
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
 
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        i = 1;
        std::cerr << "Notifying again...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
}
 
int main()
{
    std::thread t1(waits), t2(waits), t3(waits), t4(signals);
    t1.join(); 
    t2.join(); 
    t3.join();
    t4.join();
}

Possible output:

Waiting...
Waiting...
Waiting...
Notifying...
Notifying again...
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1

[edit] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 2135 C++11 the behavior was unclear if lock.lock() throws an exception calls std::terminate in this case

[edit] See also

blocks the current thread until the condition variable is awakened or after the specified timeout duration
(public member function) [edit]
blocks the current thread until the condition variable is awakened or until specified time point has been reached
(public member function) [edit]
C documentation for cnd_wait

[edit] External links

1.  The Old New Thing article: Spurious wake-ups in Win32 condition variables.