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std::add_lvalue_reference, std::add_rvalue_reference

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< cpp‎ | types
 
 
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add_lvalue_referenceadd_rvalue_reference
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Defined in header <type_traits>
template< class T >
struct add_lvalue_reference;
(1) (since C++11)
template< class T >
struct add_rvalue_reference;
(2) (since C++11)

Creates an lvalue or rvalue reference type of T.

 Type trait  The type referred by the nested type type
 T is a referenceable type   T is not a referenceable type 
(1) T&[1] T
(2) T&&[2]
  1. This rule reflects the semantics of reference collapsing.
  2. This rule reflects the semantics of reference collapsing. Note that std::add_rvalue_reference<T&>::type is T&, which is not an rvalue reference type.

If the program adds specializations for any of the templates described on this page, the behavior is undefined.

Contents

[edit] Nested types

Name Definition
type determined as above

[edit] Helper types

template< class T >
using add_lvalue_reference_t = typename add_lvalue_reference<T>::type;
(since C++14)
template< class T >
using add_rvalue_reference_t = typename add_rvalue_reference<T>::type;
(since C++14)

[edit] Notes

The major difference to directly using T& or T&& is that T can be a non-referenceable type. For example, std::add_lvalue_reference<void>::type is void, while void& leads to a compilation error.

[edit] Possible implementation

namespace detail
{
    template<class T>
    struct type_identity { using type = T; }; // or use std::type_identity (since C++20)
 
    template<class T> // Note that “cv void&” is a substitution failure
    auto try_add_lvalue_reference(int) -> type_identity<T&>;
    template<class T> // Handle T = cv void case
    auto try_add_lvalue_reference(...) -> type_identity<T>;
 
    template<class T>
    auto try_add_rvalue_reference(int) -> type_identity<T&&>;
    template<class T>
    auto try_add_rvalue_reference(...) -> type_identity<T>;
} // namespace detail
 
template<class T>
struct add_lvalue_reference
    : decltype(detail::try_add_lvalue_reference<T>(0)) {};
 
template<class T>
struct add_rvalue_reference
    : decltype(detail::try_add_rvalue_reference<T>(0)) {};

[edit] Example

#include <type_traits>
 
int main()
{
    using non_ref = int;
    using l_ref = typename std::add_lvalue_reference_t<non_ref>;
    using r_ref = typename std::add_rvalue_reference_t<non_ref>;
    using void_ref = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<void>;
 
    static_assert
        (  std::is_lvalue_reference_v<non_ref> == false
        && std::is_lvalue_reference_v<l_ref> == true
        && std::is_rvalue_reference_v<r_ref> == true
        && std::is_reference_v<void_ref> == false
        );
}

[edit] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 2101 C++11 the program was ill-formed if T is a function type with cv or ref the type produced is T in this case

[edit] See also

checks if a type is either an lvalue reference or rvalue reference
(class template) [edit]
removes a reference from the given type
(class template) [edit]
combines std::remove_cv and std::remove_reference
(class template) [edit]