Namespaces
Variants
Views
Actions

std::hash<Key>::operator()

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | utility‎ | hash
 
 
Utilities library
Language support
Type support (basic types, RTTI)
Library feature-test macros (C++20)
Dynamic memory management
Program utilities
Coroutine support (C++20)
Variadic functions
Debugging support
(C++26)
Three-way comparison
(C++20)
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)
General utilities
Date and time
Function objects
Formatting library (C++20)
(C++11)
Relational operators (deprecated in C++20)
Integer comparison functions
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   
(C++20)
Swap and type operations
(C++14)
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++17)
Common vocabulary types
(C++11)
(C++17)
(C++17)
(C++17)
(C++11)
(C++17)
(C++23)
Elementary string conversions
(C++17)
(C++17)

 
std::hash
hash::operator()
 

Specializations of std::hash should define an operator() that:

  • Takes a single argument key of type Key.
  • Returns a value of type std::size_t that represents the hash value of key.
  • For two parameters k1 and k2 that are equal, std::hash<Key>()(k1) == std::hash<Key>()(k2).
  • For two different parameters k1 and k2 that are not equal, the probability that std::hash<Key>()(k1) == std::hash<Key>()(k2) should be very small, approaching 1.0 / std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max().

Contents

[edit] Parameters

key - the object to be hashed

[edit] Return value

A std::size_t representing the hash value.

[edit] Exceptions

Hash functions should not throw exceptions.

[edit] Example

The following code shows how to specialize the std::hash template for a custom class. The hash function uses Fowler–Noll–Vo hash algorithm.

#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
struct Employee
{
    std::string name;
    std::uint64_t ID;
};
 
namespace std
{
    template <>
    class hash<Employee>
    {
    public:
        std::uint64_t operator()(const Employee& employee) const
        {
             // computes the hash of an employee using a variant
             // of the Fowler-Noll-Vo hash function
             constexpr std::uint64_t prime{0x100000001B3};
             std::uint64_t result{0xcbf29ce484222325};
 
             for (std::uint64_t i{}, ie = employee.name.size(); i != ie; ++i)
                 result = (result * prime) ^ employee.name[i];
 
             return result ^ (employee.ID << 1);
         }
    };
}
 
int main()
{
    Employee employee;
    employee.name = "Zaphod Beeblebrox";
    employee.ID = 42;
 
    std::hash<Employee> hash_fn;
    std::cout << hash_fn(employee) << '\n';
}

Output:

12615575401975788567