std::ranges::copy_n, std::ranges::copy_n_result

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Diagnostics library

Memory management library

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

General utilities library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Strings library

Text processing library

Numerics library

Date and time library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution control library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Algorithm library

Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy, ranges::sort, ...
Execution policies (C++17)
is_execution_policy (C++17)   execution::seqexecution::parexecution::par_unseqexecution::unseq (C++17)    (C++17)(C++17)(C++20)	execution::sequenced_policyexecution::parallel_policyexecution::parallel_unsequenced_policyexecution::parallel_unsequenced (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)(C++20)
Non-modifying sequence operations Batch operations for_each for_each_n (C++17) Search operations all_ofany_ofnone_of (C++11)                (C++11)(C++11) countcount_if mismatch equal findfind_iffind_if_not (C++11) find_end find_first_of adjacent_find search search_n Modifying sequence operations Copy operations copycopy_if (C++11) copy_backward copy_n (C++11) move (C++11) move_backward (C++11) Swap operations swap iter_swap swap_ranges Transformation operations replacereplace_if transform replace_copyreplace_copy_if Generation operations fill fill_n generate generate_n Removing operations removeremove_if unique remove_copyremove_copy_if unique_copy Order-changing operations reverse reverse_copy rotate rotate_copy random_shuffleshuffle (until C++17)(C++11) shift_leftshift_right (C++20)(C++20) Sampling operations sample (C++17)	Sorting and related operations Partitioning operations partition partition_copy (C++11)   stable_partition is_partitioned (C++11) partition_point (C++11) Sorting operations sort stable_sort partial_sort partial_sort_copy is_sorted (C++11) is_sorted_until (C++11) nth_element Binary search operations (on partitioned ranges) lower_bound upper_bound equal_range binary_search Set operations (on sorted ranges) includes set_union set_intersection set_difference set_symmetric_difference Merge operations (on sorted ranges) merge inplace_merge Heap operations push_heap pop_heap make_heap sort_heap is_heap (C++11) is_heap_until (C++11) Minimum/maximum operations max min minmax (C++11) clamp (C++17) max_element min_element minmax_element (C++11) Lexicographical comparison operations lexicographical_compare lexicographical_compare_three_way (C++20) Permutation operations next_permutation prev_permutation is_permutation (C++11) C library qsort bsearch
Numeric operations
iota (C++11) inner_product adjacent_difference    accumulate reduce (C++17) transform_reduce (C++17)	partial_sum inclusive_scan (C++17)    exclusive_scan (C++17) transform_inclusive_scan (C++17) transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)
Operations on uninitialized memory
uninitialized_copy uninitialized_move (C++17)    uninitialized_fill uninitialized_copy_n (C++11) uninitialized_move_n (C++17) uninitialized_fill_n	destroy (C++17) destroy_n (C++17) destroy_at (C++17) construct_at (C++20)       uninitialized_default_construct (C++17) uninitialized_value_construct (C++17) uninitialized_default_construct_n (C++17) uninitialized_value_construct_n (C++17)

 

Constrained algorithms

All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges

Non-modifying sequence operations

all_ofany_ofnone_of for_each for_each_n    countcount_if adjacent_find mismatch equal lexicographical_compare    containscontains_subrange (C++23)(C++23) findfind_iffind_if_not find_lastfind_last_iffind_last_if_not (C++23)(C++23)(C++23)   find_end find_first_of search search_n starts_with (C++23) ends_with (C++23)

Modifying sequence operations

copycopy_if copy_n copy_backward    move move_backward shift_leftshift_right (C++23)(C++23)   fill fill_n generate generate_n    transform swap_ranges    shuffle sample removeremove_if replacereplace_if reverse rotate remove_copyremove_copy_if    unique replace_copyreplace_copy_if reverse_copy rotate_copy unique_copy

Partitioning operations

is_partitioned    partition_point    partition    partition_copy    stable_partition

Sorting operations

is_sorted is_sorted_until     sort stable_sort         partial_sort       nth_element partial_sort_copy

Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)

lower_bound         upper_bound         binary_search      equal_range

Set operations (on sorted ranges)

merge inplace_merge       set_difference set_intersection    set_union          includes set_symmetric_difference

Heap operations

is_heap is_heap_until       make_heap           sort_heap push_heap pop_heap

Minimum/maximum operations

max max_element         min min_element         minmax minmax_element     clamp

Permutation operations

is_permutation      next_permutation    prev_permutation

Fold operations

fold_left (C++23) fold_left_first (C++23)   fold_right (C++23) fold_right_last (C++23)   fold_left_with_iter (C++23) fold_left_first_with_iter (C++23)

Numeric operations iota (C++23)             Random number generation generate_random (C++26)

Operations on uninitialized storage

construct_at    destroy destroy_n destroy_at uninitialized_copy    uninitialized_move uninitialized_fill uninitialized_copy_n    uninitialized_move_n uninitialized_fill_n uninitialized_default_construct uninitialized_default_construct_n uninitialized_value_construct uninitialized_value_construct_n

Return types

in_fun_result in_in_result in_found_result    in_out_result in_in_out_result    in_out_out_result    min_max_result out_value_result (C++23) in_value_result (C++23)

 

Defined in header <algorithm>
Call signature
template< std::input_iterator I, std::weakly_incrementable O > requires std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> constexpr copy_n_result<I, O>     copy_n( I first, std::iter_difference_t<I> n, O result );	(1)	(since C++20)
Helper type
template< class I, class O > using copy_n_result = ranges::in_out_result<I, O>;	(2)	(since C++20)

1) Copies exactly n values from the range beginning at first to the range beginning at result by performing *(result + i) = *(first + i) for each integer in [​0​, n). The behavior is undefined if result is within the range [first, first + n) (ranges::copy_backward might be used instead in this case).

The function-like entities described on this page are algorithm function objects (informally known as niebloids), that is:

• Explicit template argument lists cannot be specified when calling any of them.
• None of them are visible to argument-dependent lookup.
• When any of them are found by normal unqualified lookup as the name to the left of the function-call operator, argument-dependent lookup is inhibited.

Parameters

first	-	the beginning of the range of elements to copy from
n	-	number of the elements to copy
result	-	the beginning of the destination range

Return value

ranges::copy_n_result{first + n, result + n} or more formally, a value of type ranges::in_out_result that contains an input_iterator iterator equals to ranges::next(first, n) and a weakly_incrementable iterator equals to ranges::next(result, n).

Complexity

Exactly n assignments.

Notes

In practice, implementations of std::ranges::copy_n may avoid multiple assignments and use bulk copy functions such as std::memmove if the value type is TriviallyCopyable and the iterator types satisfy contiguous_iterator. Alternatively, such copy acceleration can be injected during an optimization phase of a compiler.

When copying overlapping ranges, std::ranges::copy_n is appropriate when copying to the left (beginning of the destination range is outside the source range) while std::ranges::copy_backward is appropriate when copying to the right (end of the destination range is outside the source range).

Possible implementation

struct copy_n_fn { template<std::input_iterator I, std::weakly_incrementable O> requires std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> constexpr ranges::copy_n_result<I, O> operator()(I first, std::iter_difference_t<I> n, O result) const { for (; n-- > 0; (void)++first, (void)++result) *result = *first;   return {std::move(first), std::move(result)}; } };   inline constexpr copy_n_fn copy_n{};

Example

Run this code

#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
 
int main()
{
    const std::string_view in{"ABCDEFGH"};
    std::string out;
 
    std::ranges::copy_n(in.begin(), 4, std::back_inserter(out));
    std::cout << std::quoted(out) << '\n';
 
    out = "abcdefgh";
    const auto res{std::ranges::copy_n(in.begin(), 5, out.begin())};
    const auto i{std::distance(std::begin(in), res.in)};
    const auto j{std::distance(std::begin(out), res.out)};
    std::cout << "in[" << i << "] = '" << in[i] << "'\n"
              << "out[" << j << "] = '" << out[j] << "'\n";
}

Output:

"ABCD"
in[5] = 'F'
out[5] = 'f'

See also

ranges::copyranges::copy_if (C++20)(C++20)	copies a range of elements to a new location (algorithm function object)
ranges::copy_backward (C++20)	copies a range of elements in backwards order (algorithm function object)
ranges::remove_copyranges::remove_copy_if (C++20)(C++20)	copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria (algorithm function object)
ranges::replace_copyranges::replace_copy_if (C++20)(C++20)	copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value (algorithm function object)
ranges::reverse_copy (C++20)	creates a copy of a range that is reversed (algorithm function object)
ranges::rotate_copy (C++20)	copies and rotate a range of elements (algorithm function object)
ranges::unique_copy (C++20)	creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates (algorithm function object)
ranges::move (C++20)	moves a range of elements to a new location (algorithm function object)
ranges::move_backward (C++20)	moves a range of elements to a new location in backwards order (algorithm function object)
copy_n (C++11)	copies a number of elements to a new location (function template)