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std::condition_variable_any::wait_for

From cppreference.com
 
 
Concurrency support library
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template< class Lock, class Rep, class Period >

std::cv_status wait_for( Lock& lock,

                         const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time );
(1) (since C++11)
template< class Lock, class Rep, class Period, class Predicate >

bool wait_for( Lock& lock, const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time,

               Predicate pred );
(2) (since C++11)
template< class Lock, class Rep, class Period, class Predicate >

bool wait_for( Lock& lock, std::stop_token stoken,
               const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time,

               Predicate pred );
(3) (since C++20)

wait_for causes the current thread to block until the condition variable is notified, the given duration has been elapsed, or a spurious wakeup occurs. pred can be optionally provided to detect spurious wakeup.

1) Equivalent to return wait_until(lock, std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + rel_time);.
2,3) Waiting for a specific condition to become true, can be used to ignore spurious awakenings.
2) Equivalent to return wait_until(lock, std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + rel_time, std::move(pred));.
3) Registers *this for the duration of this call, to be notified if a stop request is made on stoken's associated stop-state; it is then equivalent to return wait_until(lock, std::move(stoken),
                  std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + rel_time, std::move(pred));
.

Right after wait_for returns, lock is locked by the calling thread. If this postcondition cannot be satisfied[1], calls std::terminate.

  1. This can happen if the re-locking of the mutex throws an exception.

Contents

[edit] Parameters

lock - an lock which must be locked by the calling thread
stoken - a stop token to register interruption for
rel_time - the maximum duration to wait
pred - the predicate to check whether the waiting can be completed
Type requirements
-
Lock must meet the requirements of BasicLockable.
-
Predicate must meet the requirements of FunctionObject.

[edit] Return value

1) std::cv_status::timeout if rel_time has been elapsed since the beginning of this call, otherwise std::cv_status::no_timeout.
2,3) The latest result of pred() before returning to the caller.

[edit] Exceptions

1) Timeout-related exceptions.
2,3) Timeout-related exceptions, and any exception thrown by pred.

[edit] Notes

Even if notified under lock, overload (1) makes no guarantees about the state of the associated predicate when returning due to timeout.

The effects of notify_one()/notify_all() and each of the three atomic parts of wait()/wait_for()/wait_until() (unlock+wait, wakeup, and lock) take place in a single total order that can be viewed as modification order of an atomic variable: the order is specific to this individual condition variable. This makes it impossible for notify_one() to, for example, be delayed and unblock a thread that started waiting just after the call to notify_one() was made.

[edit] Example

#include <chrono>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
 
std::condition_variable_any cv;
std::mutex cv_m; // This mutex is used for three purposes:
                 // 1) to synchronize accesses to i
                 // 2) to synchronize accesses to std::cerr
                 // 3) for the condition variable cv
int i = 0;
 
void waits()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
    std::cerr << "Waiting... \n";
    cv.wait(lk, []{ return i == 1; });
    std::cerr << "...finished waiting. i == 1\n";
}
 
void signals()
{
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        std::cerr << "Notifying...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
 
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
 
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        i = 1;
        std::cerr << "Notifying again...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
}
 
int main()
{
    std::thread t1(waits), t2(waits), t3(waits), t4(signals);
    t1.join(); 
    t2.join(); 
    t3.join();
    t4.join();
}

Possible output:

Waiting...
Waiting...
Waiting...
Notifying...
Notifying again...
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1

[edit] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 2093 C++11 timeout-related exceptions were missing in the specification mentions these exceptions
LWG 2135 C++11 the behavior was unclear if lock.lock() throws an exception calls std::terminate in this case

[edit] See also

blocks the current thread until the condition variable is awakened
(public member function) [edit]
blocks the current thread until the condition variable is awakened or until specified time point has been reached
(public member function) [edit]