std::format_to_n, std::format_to_n_result

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Utilities library

Language support Type support (basic types, RTTI) Library feature-test macros (C++20) Dynamic memory management Program utilities Coroutine support (C++20) Variadic functions is_constant_evaluated (C++20) is_within_lifetime (C++26) initializer_list (C++11) source_location (C++20) Three-way comparison (C++20) three_way_comparablethree_way_comparable_with (C++20)(C++20) strong_ordering (C++20) weak_ordering (C++20) partial_ordering (C++20) common_comparison_category (C++20) compare_three_way_result (C++20) compare_three_way (C++20) strong_order (C++20) weak_order (C++20) partial_order (C++20) compare_strong_order_fallback (C++20) compare_weak_order_fallback (C++20) compare_partial_order_fallback (C++20)    is_eqis_neqis_ltis_lteqis_gtis_gteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

General utilities Date and time Function objects Formatting library (C++20) bitset hash (C++11) Relational operators (deprecated in C++20) rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator> rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>= Integer comparison functions cmp_equalcmp_lesscmp_less_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)    cmp_not_equalcmp_greatercmp_greater_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20) in_range (C++20) Swap and type operations swap ranges::swap (C++20) exchange (C++14) declval (C++11) to_underlying (C++23) forward (C++11) forward_like (C++23) move (C++11) move_if_noexcept (C++11) as_const (C++17) Common vocabulary types pair tuple (C++11) optional (C++17) any (C++17) variant (C++17) tuple_size (C++11) tuple_element (C++11) apply (C++17) make_from_tuple (C++17) expected (C++23) Elementary string conversions to_chars (C++17) from_chars (C++17) chars_format (C++17) to_chars_result (C++17) from_chars_result (C++17)

 

Formatting library

Formatting functions

format (C++20)

format_to (C++20)

format_to_n (C++20)

formatted_size (C++20)

vformat (C++20)

vformat_to (C++20)

Formatting concepts

formattable (C++23)

Formatter

formatter (C++20)

range_formatter (C++23)

basic_format_parse_contextformat_parse_contextwformat_parse_context (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

basic_format_contextformat_contextwformat_context (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

range_format (C++23)

format_kind (C++23)

Formatting arguments

basic_format_arg (C++20)

basic_format_arg::handle (C++20)

basic_format_argsformat_argswformat_args (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

basic_format_stringformat_stringwformat_string (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

visit_format_arg (C++20) (deprecated in C++26)

make_format_argsmake_wformat_args (C++20)(C++20)

Format error

format_error (C++20)

 

Defined in header <format>
template< class OutputIt, class... Args > std::format_to_n_result<OutputIt>     format_to_n( OutputIt out, std::iter_difference_t<OutputIt> n,                  std::format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args );	(1)	(since C++20)
template< class OutputIt, class... Args > std::format_to_n_result<OutputIt>     format_to_n( OutputIt out, std::iter_difference_t<OutputIt> n,                  std::wformat_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args );	(2)	(since C++20)
template< class OutputIt, class... Args > std::format_to_n_result<OutputIt>     format_to_n( OutputIt out, std::iter_difference_t<OutputIt> n,                  const std::locale& loc,                  std::format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args );	(3)	(since C++20)
template< class OutputIt, class... Args > std::format_to_n_result<OutputIt>     format_to_n( OutputIt out, std::iter_difference_t<OutputIt> n,                  const std::locale& loc,                  std::wformat_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args );	(4)	(since C++20)
Helper types
template< class OutputIt > struct format_to_n_result {     OutputIt out;     std::iter_difference_t<OutputIt> size; };	(5)	(since C++20)

Format args according to the format string fmt, and write the result to the output iterator out. At most n characters are written. If present, loc is used for locale-specific formatting.

Let CharT be char for overloads (1,3), wchar_t for overloads (2,4).

These overloads participate in overload resolution only if OutputIt satisfies the concept std::output_iterator<const CharT&>.

The behavior is undefined if OutputIt does not model (meet the semantic requirements of) the concept std::output_iterator<const CharT&>, or if std::formatter<std::remove_cvref_t<Ti>, CharT> does not meet the BasicFormatter requirements for any Ti in Args.

5) std::format_to_n_result has no base classes, or members other than out, size and implicitly declared special member functions.

Parameters

out	-	iterator to the output buffer
n	-	maximum number of characters to be written to the buffer
fmt	-	an object that represents the format string. The format string consists of ordinary characters (except { and }), which are copied unchanged to the output, escape sequences {{ and }}, which are replaced with { and } respectively in the output, and replacement fields. Each replacement field has the following format: { arg-id (optional) } (1) { arg-id (optional) : format-spec } (2) 1) replacement field without a format specification 2) replacement field with a format specification arg-id - specifies the index of the argument in args whose value is to be used for formatting; if it is omitted, the arguments are used in order. The arg-ids in a format string must all be present or all be omitted. Mixing manual and automatic indexing is an error. format-spec - the format specification defined by the std::formatter specialization for the corresponding argument. For basic types and standard string types, the format specification is interpreted as standard format specification. For chrono types, the format specification is interpreted as chrono format specification. For std::thread::id, the format specification is interpreted as thread id format specification. For other formattable types, the format specification is determined by user-defined formatter specializations.
args...	-	arguments to be formatted
loc	-	std::locale used for locale-specific formatting

Return value

A format_to_n_result such that the out member is an iterator past the end of the output range, and the size member is the total (not truncated) output size.

Exceptions

Propagates any exception thrown by formatter or iterator operations.

Example

At Godbolt's Compiler Explorer: clang (trunk) + libc++, gcc (trunk) + libstdc++.

Run this code

#include <format>
#include <iostream>
#include <string_view>
 
int main()
{
    char buffer[64];
 
    for (std::size_t max_chars_to_write : {std::size(buffer) - 1, 23uz})
    {
        const auto result =
            std::format_to_n(
                buffer, max_chars_to_write,
                "Hubble's H{2} {3} {0}{4}{1} km/sec/Mpc.", // 24 bytes w/o formatters
                71,       // {0}, occupies 2 bytes
                8,        // {1}, occupies 1 byte
                "\u2080", // {2}, occupies 3 bytes, '₀' (SUBSCRIPT ZERO)
                "\u2245", // {3}, occupies 3 bytes, '≅' (APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO)
                "\u00B1"  // {4}, occupies 2 bytes, '±' (PLUS-MINUS SIGN)
                ); // 24 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 2 == 35, no trailing '\0'
 
        *result.out = '\0'; // adds terminator to buffer
 
        const std::string_view str{buffer, result.out}; // uses C++20 constructor
 
        std::cout << "Buffer until '\\0': \"" << str << "\"\n"
                  << "Max chars to write: " << max_chars_to_write << '\n'
                  << "result.out offset: " << result.out - buffer << '\n'
                  << "Untruncated output size: " << result.size << "\n\n";
    }
}

Output:

Buffer until '\0': "Hubble's H₀ ≅ 71±8 km/sec/Mpc."
Max chars to write: 63
result.out offset: 35
Untruncated output size: 35
 
Buffer until '\0': "Hubble's H₀ ≅ 71±8"
Max chars to write: 23
result.out offset: 23
Untruncated output size: 35

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
P2216R3	C++20	throws std::format_error for invalid format string	invalid format string results in compile-time error
P2418R2	C++20	objects that are neither const-usable nor copyable (such as generator-like objects) are not formattable	allow formatting these objects
P2508R1	C++20	there's no user-visible name for this facility	the name basic_format_string is exposed

See also

format (C++20)	stores formatted representation of the arguments in a new string (function template)
format_to (C++20)	writes out formatted representation of its arguments through an output iterator (function template)
formatted_size (C++20)	determines the number of characters necessary to store the formatted representation of its arguments (function template)